Population and Society
Finland in Figures is an information package about Finland and Finns.
On this page
- Development of population
- Population structure on 31 December
- Age structure of population on 31 December
- Population and population projection by age group
- Vital statistics
- Vital statistics 1950-2022
- Live births and deaths
- Life expectancy
- Causes of death
- Migration
- Population by origin and language
- Population by language on 31 December
- Population by citizenship
- Finnish citizenships granted
- Asylum-seekers
- Families
- Families with children
- Demographic dependency ratio by municipality
- Population data by region
- Population in the largest municipalities
- Offences
Elections
- Parliamentary elections
- Voting turnout in parliamentary elections
- European Parliament elections
- Municipal elections
- Presidential election
- County elections
Development of population, 1750-2022
Population structure on 31 December
| Population, thousand | 1900 | 1950 | 2000 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 2 656 | 4 030 | 5 181 | 5 534 | 5 548 | 5 564 |
| Males | 1 311 | 1 926 | 2 529 | 2 734 | 2 743 | 2 753 |
| Females | 1 345 | 2 104 | 2 652 | 2 800 | 2 805 | 2 810 |
| Age, % | ||||||
| 0–14 | 35,1 | 30,0 | 18,1 | 15,6 | 15,4 | 15,1 |
| 15–64 | 59,6 | 63,4 | 66,9 | 61,7 | 61,6 | 61,6 |
| 65–84 | 5,2 | 6,4 | 13,5 | 19,9 | 20,2 | 20,4 |
| 85– | 0,1 | 0,2 | 1,5 | 2,8 | 2,8 | 2,9 |
| Average age, years | ||||||
| Males | 26,3 | 28,6 | 37,7 | 42,1 | 42,3 | 42,4 |
| Females | 27,5 | 31,6 | 41,0 | 44,7 | 44,8 | 45,0 |
| Language 1), % | ||||||
| Finnish | 86,8 | 91,1 | 92,4 | 86,9 | 86,5 | 85,9 |
| Swedish | 12,9 | 8,6 | 5,6 | 5,2 | 5,2 | 5,2 |
| Sami | 0,10 | 0,10 | 0,03 | 0,04 | 0,04 | 0,04 |
| Other | 0,3 | 0,2 | 1,9 | 7,8 | 8,3 | 8,9 |
| Marital status, % | ||||||
| Single | 60,9 | 53,3 | 47,1 | 48,9 | 49,2 | 49,5 |
| Married 2) | 33,6 | 39,4 | 38,3 | 35,3 | 34,9 | 34,7 |
| Divorced and widowed 2) | 5,5 | 7,2 | 14,6 | 15,8 | 15,9 | 15,8 |
| Religion, % | ||||||
| Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland | 3) 98,1 | 95,0 | 85,1 | 67,8 | 66,6 | 65,2 |
| Greek Orthodox Church | 4) 1,7 | 1,7 | 1,1 | 1,1 | 1,1 | 1,1 |
| Other | 0,2 | 0,5 | 1,1 | 1,7 | 1,8 | 1,8 |
| Population Register or unknown | - | 2,8 | 12,7 | 29,4 | 30,6 | 32,0 |
1) Finnish and Swedish are the official languages
2) In 2020–2022 incl. registered partnerships
3) Incl. other Lutheran churches
4) Incl. other Orthodox churches
Age structure of population on 31 December
Population and population projection by age group, 1870-2022
Vital statistics
| 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Live births | 56 742 | 60 980 | 46 463 | 44 951 |
| Deaths | 49 339 | 50 887 | 55 488 | 63 219 |
| Natural population increase | 7 403 | 10 093 | -9 025 | -18 268 |
| Intermunicipal migration 1) | 237 443 | 264 266 | 296 852 | 295 710 |
| Intramunicipal migration 1) | 550 281 | 575 419 | 599 974 | 574 982 |
| Immigration to Finland | 16 895 | 25 636 | 32 898 | 49 998 |
| Emigration from Finland | 14 311 | 11 905 | 15 084 | 15 635 |
| Net migration | 2 584 | 13 731 | 17 814 | 34 363 |
| Marriages 2) | 27 751 | 31 925 | 22 082 | 21 942 |
| Divorces 2) | 14 096 | 13 807 | 13 478 | 11 370 |
| Total change | 9 813 | 23 849 | 8 501 | 15 729 |
| Population | 5 181 115 | 5 375 276 | 5 533 793 | 5 563 970 |
1) Regional division as on 1 January 2023
2) Marriages contracted and divorces where at least one of the spouses is living permanently in Finland
Vital statistics 1950-2022
Live births and deaths, 1950-2022
Life expectancy
| Age | 2000 | 2010 | 2021 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males | Females | Males | Females | Males | Females | |
| Years | ||||||
| 0 | 74,1 | 81,0 | 76,7 | 83,2 | 79,2 | 84,5 |
| 10 | 64,6 | 71,4 | 67,0 | 73,5 | 69,3 | 74,7 |
| 20 | 54,8 | 61,5 | 57,2 | 63,6 | 59,5 | 64,8 |
| 30 | 45,4 | 51,7 | 47,8 | 53,8 | 49,9 | 55,0 |
| 40 | 36,1 | 42,1 | 38,3 | 44,0 | 40,4 | 45,2 |
| 50 | 27,3 | 32,7 | 29,3 | 34,6 | 31,1 | 35,6 |
| 60 | 19,2 | 23,7 | 21,1 | 25,5 | 22,4 | 26,4 |
| 70 | 12,1 | 15,2 | 13,8 | 17,0 | 14,8 | 17,7 |
| 80 | 6,6 | 8,2 | 7,6 | 9,4 | 8,4 | 10,0 |
Causes of death, 2021
| Cause of death | Deaths | % | Males | % | Females | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diseases of the circulatory system | 18 789 | 33 | 9 621 | 33 | 9 168 | 32 |
| Neoplasms | 13 550 | 24 | 7 348 | 25 | 6 202 | 22 |
| Dementia, Alzheimer's disease | 11 455 | 20 | 4 009 | 14 | 7 446 | 26 |
| Accidents excl. alcohol poisonings | 2 336 | 4 | 1 475 | 5 | 861 | 3 |
| Diseases of the respiratory system | 1 766 | 3 | 1 102 | 4 | 664 | 2 |
| Alcohol related diseases and accidental poisoning by alcohol | 1 646 | 3 | 1 265 | 4 | 381 | 1 |
| Diseases of the digestive system | 1 401 | 2 | 662 | 2 | 739 | 3 |
| COVID-19 virus infection | 952 | 2 | 539 | 2 | 413 | 1 |
| Suicides | 747 | 1 | 524 | 2 | 223 | 1 |
| Other causes of death | 4 990 | 9 | 2 595 | 9 | 2 395 | 8 |
| Deaths total | 57 632 | 100 | 29 140 | 100 | 28 492 | 100 |
Migration, 1950-2022
Population by origin and language, 2022
Population by language on 31 December
| 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National languages, total | 5 112 648 | 5 100 946 | 5 090 199 | 5 067 978 | 91,1 |
| Finnish | 4 822 690 | 4 811 067 | 4 800 243 | 4 778 891 | 85,9 |
| Swedish | 287 954 | 287 871 | 287 933 | 287 052 | 5,2 |
| Sami | 2 004 | 2 008 | 2 023 | 2 035 | 0,0 |
| Foreign languages, total | 412 644 | 432 847 | 458 042 | 495 992 | 8,9 |
| Russian | 81 606 | 84 190 | 87 552 | 93 535 | 1,7 |
| Estonian | 49 427 | 49 551 | 50 232 | 50 318 | 0,9 |
| Arabic | 31 920 | 34 282 | 36 466 | 39 069 | 0,7 |
| English | 22 052 | 23 433 | 25 638 | 29 448 | 0,5 |
| Somali | 21 920 | 22 794 | 23 656 | 24 647 | 0,4 |
| Farsi, Persian | 14 118 | 15 105 | 16 432 | 18 097 | 0,3 |
| Kurdish | 14 803 | 15 368 | 15 850 | 16 603 | 0,3 |
| Chinese | 13 064 | 13 778 | 14 780 | 15 735 | 0,3 |
| Albanian | 11 806 | 12 664 | 13 830 | 15 576 | 0,3 |
| Vietnamese | 11 094 | 11 562 | 12 310 | 13 138 | 0,2 |
| Total | 5 525 292 | 5 533 793 | 5 548 241 | 5 563 970 | 100 |
Population by citizenship
| Country of citizenship | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Increase of population 2021–2022, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finland | 5 254 876 | 5 251 777 | 5 240 284 | -0,2 |
| Foreign countries, total | 278 917 | 296 464 | 323 686 | 9,2 |
| Estonia | 50 866 | 51 805 | 51 819 | 0,0 |
| Russia | 28 866 | 30 049 | 33 428 | 11,2 |
| Iraq | 14 708 | 15 075 | 15 322 | 1,6 |
| China | 10 458 | 11 405 | 12 297 | 7,8 |
| India | 7 237 | 8 245 | 10 487 | 27,2 |
| Ukraine | 5 837 | 7 202 | 8 441 | 17,2 |
| Afghanistan | 7 059 | 7 686 | 8 362 | 8,8 |
| Philippines | 4 701 | 5 351 | 8 140 | 52,1 |
| Thailand | 7 851 | 7 925 | 8 073 | 1,9 |
| Sweden | 8 041 | 7 921 | 7 943 | 0,3 |
| Syrian Arab Republic | 6 915 | 7 203 | 7 855 | 9,1 |
| Vietnam | 6 630 | 7 237 | 7 757 | 7,2 |
| Türkiye | 5 679 | 6 079 | 6 733 | 10,8 |
| Somalia | 6 460 | 6 581 | 6 674 | 1,4 |
| Former Serbia and Montenegro | 4 701 | 5 432 | 6 528 | 20,2 |
| Others | 102 908 | 111 268 | 123 827 | 11,3 |
| Total | 5 533 793 | 5 548 241 | 5 563 970 | 0,3 |
Finnish citizenships granted
Persons permanently resident in Finland
| Country of previous citizenship | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | 1 766 | 1 946 | 1 546 | 1 161 | 2 062 |
| Iraq | 621 | 589 | 602 | 744 | 950 |
| Estonia | 541 | 658 | 516 | 370 | 626 |
| Somalia | 856 | 583 | 541 | 436 | 554 |
| Afghanistan | 339 | 309 | 264 | 227 | 363 |
| Syrian Arab Republic | 118 | 299 | 205 | 360 | 352 |
| Viet Nam | 197 | 221 | 148 | 140 | 331 |
| Thailand | 249 | 281 | 304 | 209 | 325 |
| Ukraine | 202 | 255 | 220 | 171 | 321 |
| Türkiye | 210 | 260 | 172 | 125 | 238 |
| Others | 4 112 | 4 248 | 3 298 | 2 700 | 4 076 |
| Total | 9 211 | 9 649 | 7 816 | 6 643 | 10 198 |
Asylum-seekers
| Year | Asylum-seekers | Decisions on asylum 1) | Family reunification | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Persons | Asylum granted | Residence permit granted 2) | No asylum or residence permit granted | Positive decisions | Negative decisions | |
| 2015 | 32 477 | 1 112 | 767 | 1 307 | 986 | 406 |
| 2016 | 5 647 | 4 586 | 3 159 | 14 282 | 1 179 | 283 |
| 2017 | 5 047 | 2 528 | 1 256 | 3 996 | 2 080 | 619 |
| 2018 | 4 548 | 1 852 | 888 | 1 976 | 1 752 | 745 |
| 2019 | 4 550 | 2 073 | 888 | 2 875 | 1 531 | 613 |
| 2020 | 3 209 | 2 066 | 566 | 1 196 | 1 360 | 350 |
| 2021 | 2 545 | 2 132 | 380 | 893 | 1 214 | 221 |
| 2022 | 3 897 | 1 367 | 393 | 878 | 1 281 | 187 |
1) Decisions of the Finnish Immigration Service
2) Incl. residence permits granted on the basis of humanitarian and subsidiary protection
Families, 2022
| Family type | All families | Average size of family | Families with children aged 0–17 | Families with children aged 0–6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 1 464 768 | 2,71 | 552 034 | 247 946 |
| Married couple 1) with children | 377 684 | 3,94 | 306 329 | 136 368 |
| Cohabiting couples 2) with children | 127 473 | 3,67 | 115 693 | 70 505 |
| Mother with children | 151 500 | 2,56 | 109 810 | 37 786 |
| Father with children | 35 139 | 2,34 | 20 202 | 3 287 |
| Married couple 1) without children | 536 927 | 2,00 | . | . |
| Cohabiting couples of opposite sex without children | 236 045 | 2,00 | . | . |
1) Incl. registered partnerships
2) Incl. same-sex spouses, of which one is the confirmed mother
Families with children and the number of children
A family with underage children is a family comprising at least one child aged under 18 living at home
| Families with children | Total | 1 child | 2 children | 3 children | 4+ children |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 612 627 | 268 369 | 230 758 | 85 025 | 28 475 |
| 2010 | 582 360 | 254 551 | 222 596 | 76 860 | 28 353 |
| 2022 | 552 034 | 240 752 | 216 705 | 68 395 | 26 182 |
| 2022, % | 100 | 43,6 | 39,3 | 12,4 | 4,7 |
Demographic dependency ratio by municipality, 2022
Regional division as on 1 January 2023
Population data by region
| Region | Population 31.12. | Increase of population, % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Regional division as on 1 January 2023 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021–2022 |
| Uusimaa | 1 714 741 | 1 733 033 | 1,1 |
| Southwest Finland | 483 477 | 485 567 | 0,4 |
| Satakunta | 214 281 | 212 556 | -0,8 |
| Kanta-Häme | 170 213 | 169 537 | -0,4 |
| Pirkanmaa | 527 478 | 532 671 | 1,0 |
| Päijät-Häme | 205 124 | 204 528 | -0,3 |
| Kymenlaakso | 161 391 | 159 488 | -1,2 |
| South Karelia | 126 107 | 125 353 | -0,6 |
| South Savo | 131 688 | 130 451 | -0,9 |
| North Savo | 248 363 | 247 689 | -0,3 |
| North Karelia | 163 281 | 162 540 | -0,5 |
| Central Finland | 272 683 | 272 437 | -0,1 |
| South Ostrobothnia | 191 762 | 190 774 | -0,5 |
| Ostrobothnia | 176 041 | 176 323 | 0,2 |
| Central Ostrobothnia | 67 915 | 67 805 | -0,2 |
| North Ostrobothnia | 415 603 | 416 543 | 0,2 |
| Kainuu | 71 255 | 70 521 | -1,0 |
| Lapland | 176 494 | 175 795 | -0,4 |
| Åland | 30 344 | 30 359 | 0,0 |
| Whole country | 5 548 241 | 5 563 970 | 0,3 |
Population in the largest municipalities
The total number of municipalities 309. Regional division as on 1 January 2023.
| Municipality | Population | Increase of population | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31.12.2022 | 2021–2022 | % | ||
| 1. | Helsinki | 664 028 | 5 571 | 0,8 |
| 2. | Espoo | 305 274 | 8 142 | 2,7 |
| 3. | Tampere | 249 009 | 4 786 | 2,0 |
| 4. | Vantaa | 242 819 | 3 613 | 1,5 |
| 5. | Oulu | 211 848 | 2 297 | 1,1 |
| 6. | Turku | 197 900 | 2 763 | 1,4 |
| 7. | Jyväskylä | 145 887 | 1 414 | 1,0 |
| 8. | Kuopio | 122 594 | 1 051 | 0,9 |
| 9. | Lahti | 120 175 | 148 | 0,1 |
| 10. | Pori | 83 205 | -277 | -0,3 |
Development of selected offences
Offences recorded by the police, Finnish Customs and the Finnish Border Guard
| 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Offences and infractions total | 818 528 | 686 045 | 501 398 | 494 737 |
| Offences against the Criminal Code | 452 771 | 543 429 | 482 593 | 475 942 |
| Theft, petty theft | 126 906 | 139 121 | 127 791 | 128 250 |
| Breaking into a residence or summer house | 4 534 | 4 722 | 3 896 | 3 591 |
| Breaking into business premises | 2 965 | 3 064 | 2 446 | 2 218 |
| Shoplifting | 47 720 | 52 453 | 52 319 | 54 266 |
| Robbery | 1 809 | 1 996 | 1 893 | 2 329 |
| Damage to property | 30 519 | 33 443 | 31 806 | 30 922 |
| Fraud, embezzlement | 32 167 | 37 269 | 39 592 | 40 890 |
| Means of payment frauds and offences | 6 296 | 7 363 | 6 649 | 11 713 |
| Manslaughter, murder, killing | 72 | 86 | 83 | 79 |
| Attempted manslaughter, murder or killing | 329 | 383 | 374 | 349 |
| Assault | 33 849 | 33 285 | 34 123 | 38 160 |
| Sexual exploitation of a child | 1 709 | 1 770 | 2 089 | 2 380 |
| Rape, aggravated rape | 1 477 | 1 450 | 1 851 | 1 669 |
| Traffic offences | 110 660 | 132 434 | 134 442 | 119 329 |
| Drunken driving | 18 498 | 20 216 | 17 370 | 16 098 |
| Drunken driving, under the influence of alcohol | 10 347 | 9 510 | 8 835 | 9 141 |
| Drunken driving, under the influence of other intoxicant | 7 006 | 9 248 | 7 338 | 5 747 |
| Violation of privacy, peace and honour | 10 308 | 31 784 | 12 369 | 11 479 |
| Offences involving narcotics | 32 307 | 37 077 | 28 212 | 25 140 |
| Unlawful use of narcotics | 21 074 | 23 785 | 19 295 | 17 213 |
Source: Statistics Finland, statistics on offences and coercive measures
Updated: 9.8.2023
Parliamentary elections 2023
| Party | Votes | % | Change from 2019 | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % points | 2023 | 2019 | |||
| National Coalition Party | 644 555 | 20,8 | 3,8 | 48 | 38 |
| Finns Party | 640 981 | 20,1 | 2,6 | 46 | 39 |
| Finnish Social Democratic Party | 617 552 | 19,9 | 2,2 | 43 | 40 |
| Centre Party of Finland | 349 640 | 11,3 | -2,5 | 23 | 31 |
| Green League | 217 795 | 7,0 | -4,5 | 13 | 20 |
| Left Alliance | 218 430 | 7,1 | -1,1 | 11 | 16 |
| Swedish People´s Party in Finland | 133 518 | 4,3 | -0,2 | 9 | 9 |
| Christian Democrats in Finland | 130 694 | 4,2 | 0,3 | 5 | 5 |
| Movement Now | 74 995 | 2,4 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Other parties | 72 274 | 2,3 | - | - | - |
| Others | 15 170 | 0,5 | -2,4 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 3 095 604 | 100 | 0,0 | 200 | 200 |
| Female candidates | 1 546 685 | 50,0 | 92 | 94 | |
Voting turnout of Finnish citizens resident in Finland 72.0%, Finns resident abroad included 68.5%
Voting turnout in parliamentary elections, 1908–2023
Finnish citizens resident in Finland
European Parliament elections 2019
| Party | Votes | % | Change from 2014 | Number of Euro-MPs elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % points | ||||
| National Coalition Party | 380 460 | 20,8 | -1,8 | 3 |
| Green League | 292 892 | 16,0 | 6,7 | 2 |
| Finnish Social Democratic Party | 267 603 | 14,6 | 2,3 | 2 |
| Finns Party | 253 176 | 13,8 | 1,0 | 2 |
| Centre Party of Finland | 247 477 | 13,5 | -6,1 | 2 |
| Left Alliance | 126 063 | 6,9 | -2,4 | 1 |
| Swedish People´s Party in Finland | 115 962 | 6,3 | -0,4 | 1 |
| Christian Democrats in Finland | 89 204 | 4,9 | -0,4 | - |
| Others | 57 208 | 3,1 | 1,2 | - |
| Total | 1 830 045 | 100 | - | 13 |
| Females | 1 000 059 | 54,6 | 6,0 |
Voting turnout of Finnish citizens resident in Finland 42.7%
Source: Statistics Finland, European Parliament elections
Updated: 7.6.2019
Municipal elections 2021
| Party | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|
| National Coalition Party | 522 623 | 21,4 |
| Finnish Social Democratic Party | 433 811 | 17,7 |
| Centre Party of Finland | 363 364 | 14,9 |
| Finns Party | 354 236 | 14,5 |
| Green League | 259 104 | 10,6 |
| Left Alliance | 194 385 | 7,9 |
| Swedish People´s Party in Finland | 121 494 | 5,0 |
| Christian Democrats in Finland | 88 259 | 3,6 |
| Movement Now | 38 943 | 1,6 |
| Other parties | 19 611 | 0,8 |
| Constituency associations | 50 482 | 2,1 |
| Total | 2 446 312 | 100 |
Voting turnout 55.1%
Presidential election 2018
| 1st round on 28 Jan. 2018 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Sauli Niinistö | 1 875 342 | 62,6 |
| Pekka Haavisto | 371 254 | 12,4 |
| Laura Huhtasaari | 207 337 | 6,9 |
| Paavo Väyrynen | 185 305 | 6,2 |
| Matti Vanhanen | 122 383 | 4,1 |
| Tuula Haatainen | 97 294 | 3,2 |
| Merja Kyllönen | 89 977 | 3,0 |
| Nils Torvalds | 44 776 | 1,5 |
| Total | 2 993 668 | 100 |
Voting turnout of Finnish citizens resident in Finland 69.9%, Finns resident abroad included 66.8%
Sauli Niinistö was elected President of the Republic in the first round of the elections
County elections 2022
| Party | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|
| National Coalition Party | 401 853 | 21,6 |
| Finnish Social Democratic Party | 359 462 | 19,3 |
| Centre Party of Finland | 356 851 | 19,2 |
| Finns Party | 206 637 | 11,1 |
| Left Alliance | 148 720 | 8,0 |
| Green League |
137 221 |
7,4 |
| Swedish People´s Party in Finland | 91 409 | 4,9 |
| Christian Democrats in Finland | 78 914 | 4,2 |
| Movement Now | 33 767 | 1,8 |
| Valta kuuluu kansalle (VKK) | 24 189 | 1,3 |
| Other parties | 7 819 | 0,4 |
| Constituency associations | 12 684 | 0,7 |
| Total | 1 859 526 | 100 |
Voting turnout 47,5%.
Corrected on 11 April 2022. The corrections are indicated in red.
Main topic: Population and Society
More statistical figures in the StatFin database
Finland in Figures only includes the key figures on Finland and Finns. You can find more figures on various sectors of society in the easy-to-use StatFin database.
The database also provides regional data, such as the population of municipalities.
Last updated 9 Aug 2023